| Chinese Text Project |
| 社 U+793E |  Seal script |  Jinwen |  Jianbo | 䄕 Semantic variant | 𥙭 Semantic variant | 𥙲 Semantic variant |
| Radical: | 示+ 3 strokes = 8 strokes total. |
|---|---|
| References: | Guangyun: p.308#38 Kangxi: p.839#26 GSR: 62.j Hanyu: v4,p2386#07 |
| Composition: | Left: 礻, right: 土. Component of: 𠶈 䀅 𨧽 𮆠 |
| Mandarin: | shè ㄕㄜˋ |
| Cantonese: | se5 |
| Tang reconstruction: | zhiǎ |
| Shuowen: | 《示部》社：地主也。从示、土。《春秋傳》曰：「共工之子句龍為社神。」《周禮》：「二十五家為社，各樹其土所宜之木。」 |
| Guangyun: | 《廣韻·上聲·馬·社》社：社稷又漢複姓二氏風俗通云齊昌徙居社南因以爲氏何氏姓苑云右扶風有焉又有社比氏。常者切，三。 |
| Kangxi: | 《康熙字典·示部·三》社：〔古文〕𥙲䄕𥙭《唐韻》《集韻》《韻會》《正韻》𠀤常者切，闍上聲。土地神主也。《禮·祭義》建國之神位，右社稷而左宗廟。《詩·小雅》以社以方。《疏》社，五土之神，能生萬物者，以古之有大功者配之。共工氏有子句龍爲后土，能平九州，故祀以爲社。后土，土官之名，故世人謂社爲后土。杜預曰：在家則主中霤，在野則爲社。《白虎通》人非土不立，封土立社，示有土也。《禮·祭法》王爲羣姓立社曰大社，王自爲立社曰王社，諸侯爲百姓立社曰國社，諸侯自爲立社曰侯社，大夫以下成羣立社曰置社。又《郊特牲》社祭土，而主隂氣也。天子大社，必受霜露風雨，以達天地之氣也。○按：社爲地祭，但祭有二祭法，大社卽《郊特牲》所云受霜露風雨，以達天地之氣者，曰方丘，亦曰太折。夏日至，地示之祭，於此行焉，此北郊之社與郊對舉者也。又王社，《載芟》詩序所謂春籍田而祈社稷，《良耜》詩序所謂秋報社稷者，於此行焉，祭土穀之神，而以句龍后稷配，此庫門內右之社，不與郊𠀤稱者也。蓋大社以祭率土之地示，王社以祭畿內之土穀，均名爲社，而大小則不同耳。又私社。《前漢·五行志》建昭五年，兗州刺吏浩賞，禁民私所自立社。《臣瓚註》舊制二十五家爲一社，而民或十家五家共爲田社，是私社也。又書社。《史記·孔子世家》楚昭王將以書社地封孔子。《註》二十五家爲里，里各立社。書社者，書其社之人名於籍。又社日。《月令廣義》立春後五戊爲春社，立秋後五戊爲秋社。又後世賓朋會聚曰結社。《事文類聚》遠公結白蓮社，以書招淵明。又謝靈運求入淨社，遠師以心雜止之。又江淮謂母爲社。《淮南子·說山訓》社何愛速死，吾必悲哭社。又複姓。《風俗通》齊昌徙居社南，因以爲氏。《何氏姓苑》有社北氏。又叶他魯切，音土。《前漢·敘傳》布歷燕齊，叔亦相魯。民思其故，或金或社。 |
| Fanqie: | 常者 (《廣韻·上聲·馬·社》) |
| Unihan definition: | god of the soil and altars to him; group of families; company, society |
Example usage
| 《論語·八佾》: | 哀公問社於宰我。 |
| The duke Ai asked Zai Wo about the altars of the spirits of the land. | |
| 《孟子·盡心上》: | 有安社稷臣者，以安社稷為悅者也。 |
| There are ministers who seek the tranquillity of the State, and find their pleasure in securing that tranquillity. | |
| 《禮記·曲禮下》: | 國君去其國，止之曰：「奈何去社稷也！」 |
| When the ruler of a state (is proposing to) leave it, they should (try to) stop him, saying, 'Why are you leaving the altars of the spirits of the land and grain?' | |
| 《孝經·諸侯》: | 富貴不離其身，然後能保其社稷，而和其民人。 |
| When their riches and nobility do not leave their persons, then they are able to preserve the altars of their land and grain, and to secure the harmony of their people and men in office. | |
| 《揚子法言》: | 種、蠡不強諫而山棲，俾其君詘社稷之靈而童僕，又終斃吳，賢皆不足邵也，至蠡策種而遁，肥矣哉！ |
| Wen Zhong and Fan Li did not strongly remonstrate against King Gou Jian of Yue's plan to attack the state of Wu, and he was held by King Fuchai of Wu for three years on Mount Kuaiji. They caused their ruler to yield the altars of the spirits of earth and become a servant boy to King Fuchai. In the end, they destroyed Wu, but none of them were good enough to be considered worthy. In the end Fan Li sent Wen Zhong a letter warning him to flee and then escaped to go fatten himself! | |
| 《墨子·尚賢上》: | 況又有賢良之士厚乎德行，辯乎言談，博乎道術者乎，此固國家之珍，而社稷之佐也，亦必且富之，貴之，敬之，譽之，然后國之良士，亦將可得而眾也。 |
| How much more should this be done in the case of the virtuous and the excellent who are firm in morality, versed in rhetoric, and experienced in statecraft - since these are the treasures of the nation and props of the state? They should also be enriched, honoured, respected, and commended in order that they may abound. | |
| 《莊子·人間世》: | 匠石之齊，至乎曲轅，見櫟社樹。 |
| A (master) mechanic, called Shi, on his way to Qi, came to Qu-yuan, where he saw an oak-tree, which was used as the altar for the spirits of the land. | |
| 《道德經》: | 是以聖人云：受國之垢，是謂社稷主。 |
| Therefore a sage has said, 'He who accepts his state's reproach, Is hailed therefore its altars' lord. | |
| 《商君書·更法》: | 君曰：「代立不忘社稷，君之道也。」 |
| The prince said: "Not to forget, at his succession, the tutelary spirits of the soil and of grain, is the way of a prince." | |
| 《史記·夏本紀》: | 不用命，僇于社，予則帑僇女。 |
| But you who disobey my orders shall be slain before the altar of the spirits of the land, and I will destroy both you and your children. | |
| 《荀子·禮論》: | 故社，祭社也。 |
| 《說苑·辨物》: | 莊王猶知巷之不善，溝之不浚，今吾子不知疇之為麻，麻之為衣，吾子其不主社稷乎？ |
| 《春秋繁露·竹林》: | 請俱死，無辱宗廟，無羞社稷。 |
| 《韓詩外傳·卷四》: | 禮者、治辯之極也，強國之本也，威行之道也，功名之統也，王公由之，所以一天下也，不由之，所以隕社稷也。 |
| 《大戴禮記》: | 孔子愀然作色而對曰：「合二姓之好，以繼先聖之後，以為天地、社稷、宗廟之主，君何謂已重乎？」 |
| 《白虎通德論·爵》: | 諸侯改元，即事社稷。 |
| 《新書·大政下》: | 諸侯即位享國，社稷血食，而政有命國無君也。 |
| 《新序·善謀下》: | 今秦無德棄義，侵伐諸侯社稷，滅六國之後，使無立錐之地。 |
| 《中論·審大臣》: | 故其得志則邦家治以和，社稷安以固，兆民受其慶，群生賴其澤。 |
| 《孔子家語·大昏解》: | 孔子愀然作色而對曰：「合二姓之好，以繼先聖之後，以為天下宗廟社稷之主，君何謂已重乎？」 |
| 《潛夫論·本政》: | 故君臣法令善則民安樂，民安樂則天心惣，天心惣則陰陽和，陰陽和則五穀豐，五穀豐而民眉壽，民眉壽則興於義，興於義而無姦行，無姦行則世平，而國家寧、社稷安，而君尊榮矣。 |
| 《論衡·儒增》: | 《傳》又言：「宋太丘社亡，鼎沒水中彭城下。」 |
| 《太玄經·唐》: | 次八，唐收祿，社鬼輟哭，或得其沐。 |
| 《風俗通義·六國》: | 然社稷血食者八九百載，於姬姓獨後亡，非盛德之遺烈，豈其然乎？ |
| 《孔叢子·居衛》: | 耆老曰：『君不為社稷乎？』 |
| 《申鑒·雜言上》: | 曰：「人主承天命以養民者也，民存則社稷存，民亡則社稷亡，故重民者，所以重社稷而承天命也。」 |
| 《忠經·天地神明章》: | 忠能固君臣、安社稷、感天地、動神明，而況於人乎？ |
| 《新語·至德》: | 於是齊桓公遣大夫高子立僖公而誅夫人，逐慶父而還季子，然後社稷復存，子孫反業，豈不謂微弱者哉？ |
| 《獨斷·卷上》: | 右社稷，西曰右，宗廟、社稷皆在庫門之內、雉門之外，天子三昭三穆與太祖之廟七，七廟一壇一墠，曰考廟、皇考廟、顯考廟、祖考廟，皆月祭之。 |
| 《蔡中郎集·獨斷》: | 其鄉射行禮，公卿冠委貌，衣玄端，執事者皮弁服，宮門僕射冠卻非，大樂郊社祝舞者冠建華，其狀如婦人縷簏，迎氣五郊舞者所冠，亦為冕，車駕出後有巧士冠，似高山冠而小。 |
| 《列子·周穆王》: | 指社曰：「此若里之社。」 |
| 《鶡冠子·環流》: | 夫社不塜，則不成霧。 |
| 《文子·符言》: | 脩其境內之事，盡其地方，勸民守死，堅其城郭，上下一心，與之守社稷，即為飾者不伐無罪，為利者不攻難得，此必全之道，必利之理。 |
| 《列仙傳·文賓》: | 至正月朝，儻能會鄉亭西社中邪？ |
| 《老子河上公章句》: | 莫知己德者有極，則可以有社稷，為民致福。 |
| 《韓非子·初見秦》: | 而謀臣不為，引軍而退，復與荊人為和，令荊人得收亡國，聚散民，立社稷，主置宗廟，令率天下西面以與秦為難，此固以失霸王之道一矣。 |
| 《管子·輕重丁》: | 三敗，殺君二重臣，定社稷者吾，此皆以孤突之地封者也，故山地者山也，水地者澤也。 |
| 《吳子·圖國》: | 有扈氏之君，恃眾好勇，以喪其社稷。 |
| 《六韜·明傳》: | 夫將棄予，周之社稷，將以屬汝。 |
| 《司馬法·仁本》: | 乃告于皇天上帝，日月星辰，禱于后土四海神祇，山川冢社，乃造于先王。 |
| 《尉繚子·兵教上》: | 所以開封疆，守社稷，除患害，成武德也。 |
You can examine all occurrences of this character or phrase in Pre-Qin and Han texts or Post-Han texts on the site.
| Enjoy this site? Please help. | Site design and content copyright 2006-2024. When quoting or citing information from this site, please link to the corresponding page or to https://ctext.org. Please note that the use of automatic download software on this site is strictly prohibited, and that users of such software are automatically banned without warning to save bandwidth. 沪ICP备09015720号-3 | Comments? Suggestions? Please raise them here. |