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| Scope: 讀四書大全說 |
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《讀四書大全說》
155  | 中庸之言存養者，即大學之正心也；其言省察者，即大學之誠意也。大學云：「欲正其心者先誠其意。」是學者明明德之功，以正心為主，而誠意為正心加慎之事。則必欲正其心，而後以誠意為務；若心之未正，則更不足與言誠意。此存養之功，所以得居省察之先。蓋不正其心，則人所不知之處，己亦無以自辨其孰為善而孰為惡；且昏睯狂迷，並所謂獨者而無之矣。此章句於首章有「既嘗戒懼」之說，而大學所謂「毋自欺」者，必有其不可欺之心；此云「無惡於志」者，必有其惡疚之志。如其未嘗一日用力於存養，則凡今之人，醉夢於利欲之中，直無所欺而反得慊，無所惡而反遂其志矣。故大學以正心次修身，而誠意之學則為正心者設。中庸以道不可離，蚤著君子之靜存為須臾不離之功，而以慎獨為加謹之事。此存養先而省察後，其序固不紊也。 |
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