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《卷三十七》
24  | 土以黄其象方天時變火以圜山以章水以龍鳥獸蛇雜四時五色之位以章之謂之巧凡畫繪之事後素功古之畫繪之事見於衣服車旗宫室器械之間者其為象豈一端而已哉仰以觀天之文俯以察地之理近取諸身逺取諸物或象其形與其性或象其色與其用道德之義性命之理皆寓乎其中將使天下之人目擊心喻而得乎不說之大法土以黃則象其色者也其象方則象其形者也天時變則象其用者也火以圜則象其性者也至於山以章水以龍鳥獸蛇之類亦象其形也夫天𤣥而地黃則黃者地之盛色也故土以黃天圜而地方則方者地之正體也故其象方地道靜而有常天道動而無常則化者地之用而變者天之用也故天時變地二生火其于物也為神其體非體而託於物以為體其用非用而因於物以為用其形雖鋭而其性則圜而無乎不周故火以圜爾雅釋山曰上正章星辰天之章草木地之章畫山者雖象其文之成章而必取其上正之形葢無為而仁者山也有君道之象焉詩曰髙山仰止夫山者人之所仰以喻君為民之所仰也上苟不正下將何觀故繪山必為上之形也莫非山也上窮而卒乎下則為崒上窮而垂乎下則為崜截斷若截孽生若孽崛屈而起巖有衆口皆非山形之上正者也豈君德之比哉故曰山以章取其上正而成章故也龍能作雨以澤物然非澤則無以致其不窮之用故畫龍必以水而曰水以龍凡此皆畫之于服者也烏則鳥隼之旟所以示摯速獸則熊虎之旗所以示猛毅蛇則龜蛇之旐所以示完果此皆畫之於旗者也服有九章而獨言火山龍非特舉章之上者以見下也旗有九物而獨言鳥獸蛇者非特舉物之卑者以見尊也亦藻繪之文設飾之功施于六者為甚焉者故也夫五行播于四序而人觀以為時五行發於五氣而人觀以為色者青於方為東于時為春赤於方為南於時為夏白于方為西于時為秋黒于方為北于時為冬黃配四時之間而位在中四時之錯行五行之迭運然後嵗功待之以為成物曲資之以為利矣四時之協比五色之間施然後服飾得之以為盛彰施因之以為明矣然所以雜之者在乎章也所以章之者在乎巧也非聖人則不能作而探其道非智者則不能創而明其法而巧者則述聖人之道循智者之法以為之而已故曰雜四時五色之位以章之謂之巧天下之事無本則不立無文則不行故內有可貴之質然後外飾之以備成之文素功者質也畫繪者文也惟白為能受采故素功為先而畫繪為後孔子曰繪事後素殆謂此也故凡畫繪之事後素功鍾氏染羽以朱湛丹秫三月而熾之淳而漬之三入為纁五入為緅七入為緇湛子潛反秫音述纁許云反緅側留反 |
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